Oilseed
Oilseeds
Sunflower
Q. How many varieties have been developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general cultivation?
Ans.
PARC has developed three sunflower hybrids, viz, PARC-92E, PARSUN-2 and PARSUN-3. Presently PARSUN-3 is recommended for general cultivation. Other imported hybrids, Hysun-33, Hysun-39, NK-S-278, are cultivated on commercial scale in the country.
Q. Which are the recommended fertilizers and their doze per acre?
Ans.
DAP, Potash, SSP, Amonium Sulphat, Urea
At Plantation:
· Two bags Dap + one bag Urea + ½ bag Potash.
· 3 bags SSP + 2 bags Amonium Sulphate + ½ bag Potash.
At Irrigation:
· 1st Irrigation: ½ bag urea or one bag Amounim nitrate
· At flowering: ½ bag Urea + one bag Amonium Nitrate.
· In barani areas apply all fertilizers at the time of sowing
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans.
Contact ICI Pakistan for Hysun-33 and Hysun-39 and Syngenta Pakistan seeds for NK-S-278. For local hybrid, PARSUN-3 contact Oilseeds Research Program and PATCO, NARC, Park Road, Islamabad.
Q. Which are the major diseases and how these can be controlled?
Ans.
· Charcoal rot: Avoid moisture stress and early planting in areas of high temperatures
· Head rot: Avoid bird attack and injury of heads
Q. What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve sunflower production/productivity?
Ans.
· Sowing on optimum time
· Apply optimum doses of fertilizers
· Use good quality seed
· Avoid moisture stress at flowering and seed setting stages
Canola
Q. How many canola varieties have been developed by PARC and which varieties are recommended for general cultivation in Pakistan?
Ans: Westar, Shiralee, CON-I, CON-II, CON-III, Pakola, PARC Canola Hybrid
Following canola varieties are recommended for cultivation in cooler areas of Pakistan:
Varieties: Pakola, Punjab Sarsoon, Faisal canola, NIFA Gold
Hybrids: PARC Canola Hybrid, Hyola-401
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. Seed of the PARC varieties is available from the Oilseeds Research Program and PATCO, NARC, Islamabad.
Q. Which are the recommended fertilizers and doses per acre?
Ans. One bag Urea and One Bag DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) at seedbed preparation
One bag SOP (Sulphate of Potash) for Potash deficient soils
Q. Which are major diseases and how these can be controlled?
Ans. Root rot and stem rot control by seed treatment
Leaf and pod spot control by foliar spray with fungicides
Q. Which are major Insect pests and how these can be controlled?
Ans. Aphids control by foliar spray with Insecticides
Q. What are major recommendations for farmers to improve canola production?
Ans. ▪ Use healthy seed of recommended varieties/hybrids
▪ Sow crop in lines with proper seed rates
▪ Place the seed at proper depth in moist soil
▪ Avoid mixing of non-canola into canola types
▪ Sowing must be done in time
▪ Frequent irrigations must be avoided. Only 2-3 irrigations give better yield
▪ Harvesting must be done at recommended maturity
Rapeseed and Mustard
Q. How many varieties have been developed by PARC Which varieties are recommended for general cultivation in Pakistan?
Ans: BARD-1, Canola raya
For general cultivation in Pakistan, following varieties/hybrids are recommended:
Varieties: Torial (TS-1), BARD-1, NIFA Raya, Chakwal Raya, Khanpur Raya, Bahawalpur Raya, Tandojam-Raya
Hybrids: 45 J 21, 45 J 42, Coral 432, PAC 437
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. Seed of the PARC varieties is available from the Oilseeds Research Program and PATCO, NARC, Islamabad.
Q. Which are the recommended fertilizers and doses per acre?
Ans. One bag Urea and One Bag DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) at seedbed preparation
One bag SOP (Sulphate of Potash) for Potash deficient soils
Q. Which are major diseases and how these can be controlled?
Ans. Stem rot control by seed treatment
White rust control by seed treatment
Leaf and pod spot control by foliar spray with fungicides
Q. Which are major Insect pests and how these can be controlled?
Ans. Aphids control by foliar spray with Insecticides
Q. What are major recommendations for farmers to improve canola production?
Ans. ▪ Use healthy seed of recommended varieties/hybrids
▪ Sow crop in lines with proper seed rates
▪ Place the seed at proper depth in moist soil
▪ Frequent irrigations must be avoided. Only 2-3 irrigations give better yield
▪ Harvesting must be done at recommended maturity
Groundnutvarieties and production Technology
Varieties developed by PARC: 1.BARD-479 2-BARD-699 3-BARD-92 (short duration)
Varieties developed by PARC through National Uniform Yield Trials system:
Punjab
- Chakori
- BARI-2000
- BARI-2011
- Golden
Kyber Pakhtoonkhawa
- Swat Phalli
- Local varieties Number 334 and Banki are also recommended for general cultivation.
Seed availability: Seed of varieties is available on small scale at Oilseeds Research Program, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Barani Agricultural Research Institute, Chakwal and local markets (from potential growers).
Major Diseases: Pl see in production technology
IMPROVED PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
Soil: Sandy loam soil is the best. Can be grown in clay soils but
the pods development will be effected.
Seedbed Preparation: 2 – 3 ploughings followed by planking
Planting Time: April in fallow land in rainfed areas
After wheat at the onset of monsoon
Mid March in irrigated areas
Seed Rate: Bunch type = 100 kg/ha kernels (220000 plants per hectare)
Spreading type = 75 kg/ha kernels (166000 plants per hectare)
Method of Planting: Row x plant spacing = 45 x 10 cm (Bunch types)
= 60 x 10 cm (Spreading type)
Fertilizers: Nitrogen = 8 kg/acre
Phosphorus (P2O5) = 32 kg/acre
Potassium (K) = 40 kg/acre (in sandy soils)
Gypsum = 200 kg/acre (apply at peg formation)
Fertilizers (bags): = 1.5 bags DAP/acre
= 1 bag potash/acre
= 4 bags gypsum/acre
Weed Control: Grasses = Stomp @ 2-3 l/ha (pre-emergence)
= Corner @ 0.4 ml/acre (Post emergence)
= Halt @ 0.4 l/acre for broad leaves
Disease control: Leaf spot ( Tikka disease), Root wilt = 2-3 g/kg seeds treatment with (Captan or Benlate) and
use of disease tolerant varieties
Harvesting: When 75% pods are mature, harvest the crop.
Delay in harvest will cause pods losses
Use of Machinery: Use available groundnut machines for planting, digging
and threshing to decrease cost of production.
Storage: Dry the groundnut up to 8-10% moisture level
Grading of pods for good market price
Put in clean jute bags and store in dry room
Sesame
Q. How many varieties have been developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general cultivation?
Ans. PARS-I, a candidate variety developed by NARC, is in final stage of outreach testing. Til-89, TS-3, TH-6 and TS-5 are approved varieties and recommended for general cultivation.
Q. Which are the recommended fertilizers and their dose per acre?
Ans. Urea and DAP or Nitrophos are recommended fertilizers.
Dose: ½ bag Urea + One bag DAP (planting time)
or
½ bag Urea + One bag Nitrophos (planting time)
½ bag Urea (at flowering stage)
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. Seed of recommended varieties is available from Director (Oilseeds Research Institute), AARI, Faisalabad.
Q. Which are the major diseases and how these can be controlled?
Ans. Leaf blight and phyllody are the major diseases. For blight control, use healthy and treated seed with Thirium @ 0.3%. Apply Dithene-M45 @ 500g/acre or Copper Oxi-Chloride (Powder) @ 3g/liter of water. For phyllody control, keep field weeds free and control insects.
Q. What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve sesame production/productivity?
Ans. Crop should be planted only in lines 45 cm apart using 2 kg seed/acre. At flowering time recommended dose of fertilizer must be applied. At flowering irrigation is essential to save the crop from stress. Plant population must be around 220,000/ha or 90,000/acre.
Linseed
Q. How may varieties have been developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general cultivation?
Ans. PARC has tested large germplasm of linseed and developed two line (LS-4 and LS-21) with seed yield potential of 3000 kg/ha and are under process of testing. The following varieties are being used for general cultivation:
· Chandni
· Punjab-80
· L-1
· PR-2/4
Q. Which are the recommended fertilizers and their dose per acre?
Ans. Urea and DAP or Nitrophos are recommended fertilizers.
Dose:
Barani One bag Urea + One bag DAP (planting time)
or
One bag Urea + One bag Nitrophos (planting time)
Irrigated ½ bag Urea + One bag DAP (planting time)
or
½ bag Urea + One bag Nitrophos (planting time)
½ bag Urea (at 1st irrigation)
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. Seed of Chandni is available in limited quantity from Oilseeds Research Program, NARC.
Q. Which are the major disease and how these can be controlled?
Ans.
· Root rot: Practice rotation
· Kungi: Use resistant varieties
Q. What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve linseed production/productivity?
Ans.
· Planting at proper time
· Use seed of resistant varieties with high yield potential
· Seed rate must be recommended
o Irrigated: 6 kg/acre
o Barani: 8 kg/acre
Soybean
Q. How many varieties have been developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general cultivation?
Ans.
PARC/NARC developed the following varieties:
· NARC I
· NARC II
· Ajmeri
· Rawal-1
Varieties recommended for general cultivation
· NAC-II
· William-82
· Ajmeri
· Rawal-I
Q. Which are the recommended fertilizers and their doze per acre?
Ans.
Apply one bag DAP/acre at planting. If soil is less fertile, apply ½ bag urea also with 2nd irrigation, while in barani areas same doze of urea at the time of first rain.
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans.
Seed is available in limited quantity from Coordinator (Oilseed Research Program) NARC and respective Research Institutes.
Q. Which are the major disease and how these can be controlled?
Ans.
· Pod and stem blight
· Bacterial blight
· Yellow mosaic Virus
· Anthracnose
Q. What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve Soybean production/productivity?
Ans.
· Use healthy seed of recommended variety (ies)
· Seed rate must be proper
· Crop management must be optimum
· Store seed are 8% moisture content
· Apply recommended dose of fertilizers
· Use recommended fungicides, insecticides and weedicide.
Safflower
Q. How many varieties have been developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general cultivation?
Ans. PARC has tested a large number of germplasm lines of different breeders. In Pakistan, suitable varieties recommended for cultivation are:
Gila-10, Thori-78, Pawari-95 and D-Sindh
Q. Which are recommended fertilizers and their dose per acre?
Ans. Urea and DAP or Nitrophos are recommended fertilizers.
Dose:
Barani One bag Urea + One bag DAP (planting time)
or
One bag Urea + One bag Nitrophos (planting time)
Irrigated ½ bag Urea + One bag DAP (planting time)
or
½ bag Urea + One bag Nitrophos (planting time)
½ bag Urea (at 1st irrigation)
Q. What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. Seed of recommended varieties is available from ARI, Tandojam and in limited quantity from Oilseeds Research Program, NARC (Thori-78 only).
Q. Which are the major disease and how these can be controlled?
Ans.
· Bacterial blight: Use healthy seed
· Rust: Use Thirium @ 3g/kg seed
· Root wilt: Practice rotation
Q. What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve safflower production/productivity?
Ans. Crop should be planted in lines 60 cm apart with proper cultural management. Only healthy seed should be used.
