PULSES PROGRAMME
Chickpea
How many varieties have been
developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general
cultivation?
Ans. Two
varieties, Dasht and Parbat have been released for general cultivation. Both
posses resistance against blight, are cold tolerant and high yielding. These
varieties are suitable for Potohar areas.
Which are the recommended fertilizers and their dose per
acre?
Ans. One bag of DAP is recommended per acre.
What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. i). Pulses
Programme, NARC. ii). Seed &
Services International, Kohat road Fatehjang.
Lentil
How many varieties have been
developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general
cultivation?
Ans. Shiraz-96
is recommended for general cultivation. It is cold and drought tolerant, high
yielding, bold-seeded with red cotyledon. Suitable for cultivation in high
lands.
Which are the recommended fertilizers and their dose per
acre?
Ans. One bag of DAP is recommended per acre.
What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. i). Pulses
Programme, NARC. ii). Arid Zone
Research Centre, Quetta.
Mung and Mash
How many varieties have been
developed by PARC and which are the varieties recommended for general
cultivation?
Ans. Three
mash varieties viz. NARC Mash-1, NARC Mash-2 and NARC-Mash-3 developed by
pulses program NARC, have been released and recommended for general
cultivation.
Which are the recommended fertilizers and their dose per
acre?
Ans. One bag of DAP is recommended per acre.
What are the sources of seed availability?
Ans. i). Pulses
programme, NARC. ii). Seed &
Services International, Kohat road Fatehjang.
What are the major recommendations for farmers to improve
pulses production/ productivity?
Ans.
Cultivation methods of pulse crops: The farmers of Pakistan
place low importance on pulses and usually allocate marginal pieces of land
with low fertility and does not pay much attention to land preparation or
application of other inputs. However, if proper attention is paid to crop
husbandry, the yield can be substantially increased. The crop production
technology for pulse crops is given below:
Selection of land: Pulses can be grown on all types of soils except
water logged, saline and sodic soils. Sandy loam and loamy soils are most
suitable where pulses can be grown successfully.
Land preparation: In rainfed areas a deep ploughing with mold bold
plough is vital for moisture conservation and control of diseases and weeds.
Before planting, two operations of cultivator followed by planking are
recommended for seed bed preparation.
Fertilizer application: One bag of DAP per acre is recommended before
planting. Side placement of DAP at the time of seed drilling gives better
results.
Sowing method: Line
sowing with row to row and plant to plant distances of 30 cm and 10 cm,
respectively is recommended for chickpea, mung bean and black gram. However for
lentil, row spacing and plant spacing will be 25 cm and 2.5 cm, respectively.
In rainfed areas when there is deficiency of moisture in the soil, deep
planting at 6 inches depth gives better germination for chickpea.
Sowing Time: Optimum
sowing time of rabi pulses starts from mid October. It should be completed up
to mid November. Sowing time for chickpea and lentil varies slightly depending
upon moisture availability and cropping system. Optimum sowing time for kharif
pulses begins from start of June and continues up to mid July depending upon
different cropping zones.
Seed Treatment: Seed
treatment with Benlate or Captan is recommended to eradicate the primary source
of seed born diseases.
Weed control: Manual
weeding after one month of germination is crucial. Pulses are generally
susceptible to weedicides, however wild oats in irrigated crop of chickpea can
be effectively controlled by use of ‘Puma super’. Similarly ‘stomp’ is used to
eradicate weeds in mungbean crop.
Insect pests: Insect pests of pulse crops and their control are
given in the following Table.
|
Kharif
Pulses |
||
|
Scientific/Technical Name |
Common
Name
|
Control Measures Insecticides,
application rate/acre
|
|
1. Spilosoma
oblique |
Hairy
Caterpillar |
Decis
Super 100ml Methamidophos
60SL 500ml Match
(IGI) 300ml Larvin
80DF 300g These
insecticides can be used for control of 1 to 4 insects as prescribed dose |
|
2. Spodoptera
letura |
Army
worm |
|
|
3. Nezara
viridula |
Green
bug |
|
|
4. Bemisia
tabaci |
White
fly |
|
|
5.Callosobruchus
maculatus 6. Callosobruchus
chinensis |
Bruchids |
RAGTO-AP (45 tablets/1000cubic feet) or 3 tablets/
6 bags |
|
Rabi
Pulses |
||
|
Technical name of insects |
Common
Name
|
Control Measures Insecticides, application rate/acre
|
|
1. Helicoverpa
armigera |
Gram pod
borer |
Decis
Super 100ml Methamidophos
60SL 500ml Match
(IGI) 400ml Larvin
80DF 300g Tracer
240 SC 80ml These
insecticides could be used for control of 1 to 6 insects as prescribed dose |
|
2. Autographa
nigrisigna |
Chickpea
semi-looper |
|
|
3. Agrotis
ipsilon |
Cut worm |
|
|
4. Liriomyza
cicerina |
Leaf
miner |
|
|
5. Etiella
zinckenella |
Lentil
pod borer |
|
|
6. Bruchus
lentis |
Lentil
beetle |
|
|
7. Callosobruchus
chinensis 8. Callosobruchus
analis |
Bruchids |
RAGTO-AP (45 tablets/1000cubic feet) or 3 tablets/
6 bags |
Diseases
of pulse crops and their control are given in the following Table.
Ans.
|
Diseases of Pulse Crops and Their Control |
||
|
Disease |
Causal organism |
Control |
|
Kharif Pulses (Mung, Mash and Cowpea) |
||
|
Yellow
mosaic |
YMV |
Resistant varieties
Spray of 0.1% malathion |
|
Leaf
crinkle |
LCV |
Resistant varieties
Rouging of diseases plants |
|
Bacterial
leaf spot |
Xathomonas phaseoli |
Seed treatment with streptomycin
Use healthy seed
Resistant varieties |
|
Cercospora
leaf spot |
Cercospora canescens |
Resistant varieties
Clean cultivation
Spry with Daconil @ 0.2% |
|
Anthracnose |
Colletotrichum lindemethianum |
Resistant varieties
Seed treatment with Benalte @ 2g/kg seed
Spray with Daconil @ 0.2% |
|
Powdery
mildew |
Erysiphe polygoni |
Resistant varieties
Spray with Dithane M-45 @ .3% |
|
Charcoal
rot |
Macrophomina phaseolina |
Resistant varieties
Crop rotation
Seed treatment with benlate @ 2g/kg seed |
|
Chickpea |
||
|
Blight |
Ascochyta rabiei |
Resistant varieties
Seed treatment with benalte @ 2g/kg seed
Spray with Daconil @.3% |
|
Wilt |
Fusarium oxysporum |
Clean cultivation
Crop rotation
Seed treatment with @ Benlate 2g/kg seed)
Resistant varieties |
|
Collar
rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Seed treatment with benlate
Crop rotation |
|
Root rot |
Rhizoctonia solani R. bataticola |
Crop rotation
Resistant varieties
Seed treatment with benlate |
|
Grey
mold |
Botrytis cinerea |
Spray with Captan @.0.3%
Clean cultivation |
|
Lentil |
||
|
Blight |
Ascochyta lentis |
Resistant varieties
Seed treatment with benalte @ 2g/kg seed
Spray with Daconil @.2% |
|
Rust |
Uromycec fabea |
Resistant varieties
Clean cultivation |
|
Wilt |
Fusarium oxysporum |
Clean cultivation
Crop rotation
Seed treatment with @ Benlate 2g/kg seed)
Resistant varieties |
|
Collar
rot |
Sclerotium rolfsii |
Seed treatment with benlate
Crop rotation |
Harvesting threshing and storage: The pulse
crops must not be allowed to over mature in order to avoid shattering. Before
being stored, the seed should have been dried to a moisture content of around
10%. Insect infestation in the store is usually controlled by fumigation. In
rural areas, common practice to control insect infestation are burning of dried
neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves
inside covered receptacles or drying the seed in the sun. Fumigation of seed is
an effective control measure in which Phostoxin/ Detia tablets (04 tablets per
thousand kg of seed) are used for fumigation.
